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- Clastrogenic Instrict of Sodium Bispyribac and Pinoxaden Herbicides on Drosophila melanogaster
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1 Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 178-184Abstract
The present research is attributed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of two herbicides namely Sodium Bispyribac and Pinoxaden, at sublethal level, LC20 using larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Standardization of exposure concentration was achieved by exposing second instars larvae of Drosophila to serial dilution concentration of the selected herbicides, for continuum of 24 hours. Thereafter, on the basic of observed mortality in treated and control groups, exact value of LC20 was calculated by applying probit analysis and the corresponding values are 4.4 pl/ml for Sodium Bispyribac and 7.1pl/ml for Pinaxoden. Subsequently, exposure of standarized concentration was provided to second instar larvae, by mixing specified concentration in culture medium and, simultaneously negative control were also maintained. Third instar larvae were sacrificed for temporary squash preparation of polytene chromosomes and chromosomal complement were scrutinized for various types of structural chromosomal abnormities, in herbicide exposure group and natural population. Procured data indicated that the selected herbicides affected the structural integrity of polytene chromosomes, by inducing intrachromosomal, interchromosomal and telomeric fusions, paracentric inversions, inversion complexes, intrachromosomal and interchromosomal ectopic pairings due to induced homozygocity, chromatid breaks, chromosomal translocations and homologous chromosomal asynapses with respective value with respective number 45.66 ± 6.65 and 21 ± 3.60 in Sodium Bispyribac treated individuals and control, whereas in Pinoxaden treated and controls value 48.64 ± 8.6 and 25.32 ± 3.66 in control group. Subsequently, analysis of procured data, indicated that selected herbicides induced statistical significant genotoxicity in treated individuals in comparison to control groups (p<0.05).Keywords
Genotoxicity, Bispyribac, Pinoxaden, Polytene, Drosophila.References
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- Chaudhry A, Lovleen. Evaluation of mutagenic potential of carbaryl by dominant lethal test on Culex quinquefasciatus. J Cytol Genet 2008; 9: 37-4.
- Chaudhry A, Lovleen. Chromosomal aberrations and dominant lethal test based genotoxicity assessment of dicofol by using mosquito genome. J Cytol Genet 2010; 11: 11-2.
- Lovleen. In vivo mutagenicity assessment of ethion pesticide using polytene chromosomes of Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae). AJPT 2015a; 3: 1-6.
- Lovleen. Mutagenicity analysis of ethion using Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 2015b; 7: 533-9.
- Lovleen. Genotoxicity evaluation of carbaryl using Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) RJPBCS 2015c; 6: 339-9.
- Lovleen. rDNA ITS1 sequence analysis based genotoxicity assessment of Dicofol by using Culex quenquefasciatus (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE). IJPBS 2015d; 6: 744-4.
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- Rерrotoxiсity profiling of Bisрyribас Sodium, Pinoxaden and Spinosad Pesticides on Drosoрhilа mеlаnogаstеr
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, IN
1 Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 233-239Abstract
Present research exploration is attributed to reproductive toxicity evaluation of three synthetic agro-chemical pesticidal formulations viz: Bisрyribас Sodium, Pinoxaden and Spinosad, by implementing, test model, Drosophila melanogaster (2n=8). The target of present exploration is to evaluate reprotoxicity induced by selected pesticides. To accomplish the objectives of present research analysis, standardization of semilethal concentration LC20, had been considered by exposing second instar larvae to serial dilution of selected pesticides, for continuation of 24 hrs. Thereafter, considering co-relation between exposed concentration and mortality rate, exact values of LC20, had been calculated by probit analysis,which correspond to values 4.4 pl/ml for Sodium Bispyribac and 7.1pl/ml for Pinaxoden pl/ml for Bisрyribас Sodium, and 2 pl/ml for Spinosad. Subsequently, second instar larvae of fruit fly were exposed to sub lethal concentration, LC20 of selected pesticides, for 24 hrs, by means of nutrition, adding to culture medium. Afterward, larvae molted into imago in normal culture medium, which were allowed to cross mate in three separate experimental sets, in triplicate with respective negative controls. In first set, both pesticide exposed male and female cross-mated. In second experimental set, treated male and normal female flies were allowed to crossmate, whereas in third experimental set, pesticide exposed females were allowed to mate with normal males. After comparison of fecundity rate in all experimental sets with natural population, it had been concluded that selected pesticides induced statistical significant decrease in fecundity, when scrutinized by Z-test (p<0.05). Additionally, it had been analysed that the male fruit flies were more susceptible than female fruit flies to selected pesticides.Keywords
Reprotoxicity, Bisрyribас, Pinoxaden Spinosad Drosophila melanogaster.References
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- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bispyribac-sodium_200.svg/2000px-Bispyribac-sodium_200.svg.png
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- Differential Specification of Various Insecticides and their Environmental Degradation
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Authors
Lovleen
1
Affiliations
1 School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara –144401, Punjab, IN
1 School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara –144401, Punjab, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 26, No 3&4 (2019), Pagination: 110-128Abstract
Insecticides are tremendously applied to regulate insect pest population world widely. Various chemical categories of insecticide possess different mode of action and differential chemical interaction with various cellular biomolecules which ultimately results, in induction of species specific, sequential biochemical processes, within exposed organisms. The concerned biochemical processes occur through differential expression of various genetic elements which are eventually responsible for specificity of insecticides. Various insecticides affect cellular enzymes, ion channels, specific receptors, electron transport chain etc. which ultimately results in disruption of normal functionality of; nervous system, mitochondrial activity, exoskeleton integrity, midgut nutrient absorption ability, lipid bio-synthesis process, normal developmental pattern and mating behavior of insect pests. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive insight of different classes of insecticides, mode of action of concerned chemical categories, specific toxicity to target as well as non-target organisms and further, enzymatically degradation of concerned xenobiotics in living organisms and chemical degradation in environment.Keywords
Degradation of Insecticides, Differential Specificity, Insecticides, Mode of Action.References
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